írán rusku

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Írán, plným názvem Íránská islámská republika, dříve známý jako Persie, je stát v západní Asii. Na západě sousedí s Irákem, na severozápadě s Tureckem, na severu s Ázerbájdžánem, Arménií, Kaspickým mořem a Turkmenistánem, na východě s Afghánistánem, na jihovýchodě s Pákistánem a na jihu s Ománským zálivem a Perským zálivem. Je jednou z nejhornatějších zemí světa, většinu země zaujímá Íránská náhorní plošina, podnebí je rozmanité od horkého aridního a semiaridního až po subtropické. Írán se dělí na 31 provincií, na ploše 1,65 milionu km² žije přibližně 93 milionů obyvatel. Řadí se tak na 17. místo na světě jak v geografické rozloze, tak v počtu obyvatel, je šestou největší zemí v Asii. Hlavním a největším městem je Teherán, mezi další velká města patří Mašhad, Isfahán, Karaj a Šíráz. V mnohonárodnostní říši tvoří většinu Peršané, dále zde žijí Ázerbájdžánci, Kurdové, Lúrové, Balúčové. Úředním jazykem je perština, nejrozšířenější menšinové jazyky jsou ázerbájdžánština a kurdština. Írán je oficiálně islámskou republikou, přes 90 % jsou ší'ité, 5–⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠10 % sunnité a súfí.

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2 articles first seen 28.07.2026 last seen 02.09.2026

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