Korea

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Korea, korejsky na severu Čosŏn (조선), na jihu Hanguk (한국), je historické území, obývané téměř výhradně etnickými Korejci, ve východní Asii na Korejském poloostrově a přilehlé pevnině, na severu ohraničené řekami Amnok a Tuman (Tchu-men). Dříve politicky jednotné území se po osvobození z japonské okupace v roce 1945 rozdělilo na dva státy – komunistický na severu a kapitalistický na jihu – s hranicí na úrovni 38. rovnoběžky. Po korejské válce v letech 1950 až 1953 byla hranice mezi státy poněkud upravena. Příměří, které od 27. července 1953 mezi jednotlivými korejskými státy – Korejskou lidově demokratickou republikou s hlavním městem Pchjongjangem a Korejskou republikou s hlavním městem Soulem – panuje, dodnes nebylo nahrazeno mírovou smlouvou a středem Korejského poloostrova se táhne demilitarizované pásmo s nejpřísněji střeženou hranicí na světě. Jestliže zhruba do 70. let 20. století byla hospodářská vyspělost obou částí Koreje srovnatelná, Jižní Korea v 80. a 90. letech prošla demokratizací a prodělala rozmach, který ji vynesl mezi nejrozvinutější země světa, zatímco centrálně řízené hospodářství Severní Koreje se přes hlásanou politiku soběstačnosti potýká s vážnými problémy a země je závislá na masivních dodávkách potravin ze zahraničí. Navzdory proklamovanému odhodlání obou států ke sjednocení jsou výsledky občasných jednání zatím nevalné. Došlo ke vzájemným návštěvám malého počtu lidí z válkou rozdělených rodin, bylo dohodnuto zprovoznění silnice a železnice přes mezikorejskou hranici a na některých sportovních akcích nastupují výpravy obou zemí od roku 1991 pod společnou celokorejskou vlajkou.

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